11 Jun, 2025 - 9:04

Naval News Navy 2025

2025年6月11日9：04

海军新闻2025

 

As reported by Newsweek on June 10, 2025, for the first time, two Chinese aircraft carriers, CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong, operated simultaneously beyond the Second Island Chain in the Western Pacific. The Japanese Ministry of Defense reported that the Liaoning was detected near Minamitorishima and the Shandong near Okinotorishima. The Liaoning transited through the Miyako Strait from the East China Sea, while the Shandong and its escorts likely entered the Philippine Sea via the Luzon Strait. Both carrier groups were confirmed to be operating within Japan’s exclusive economic zone but outside its territorial waters.

据《新闻周刊》2025年6月10日报道，两艘中国航空母舰“辽宁”号和“山东”号首次在西太平洋第二岛链以外同时作战。日本防卫省报告称，辽宁号在南三里岛附近被探测到，山东号在冲之鸟岛附近被发现。辽宁号从东海通过宫古海峡，而山东号及其护航舰可能通过吕宋海峡进入菲律宾海。这两个航母编队都被证实在日本专属经济区内运营，但不在其领海内。

 

China’s naval presence outside the First Island Chain has been supported by the Type 903A and Type 901 logistics vessels, which enabled the long-range deployment of its aircraft carriers. (Picture source: Chinese MoD)

中国海军在第一岛链以外的存在得到了903A型和901型后勤舰艇的支持，这使得其航空母舰能够进行远程部署。（图片来源：中国国防部）

 

Japan deployed surface ships and scrambled fighter aircraft to monitor their activities. Between May 25 and 29, the Liaoning conducted 260 fighter and helicopter takeoffs and landings near Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines. Satellite imagery showed underway replenishment operations in the Philippine Sea involving the Liaoning and its logistics vessel Hulunhu. The Shandong also carried out flight operations within Japan’s EEZ around Okinotorishima. These movements are the furthest east the PLAN has operated two carriers at once, and they occurred while both the USS Nimitz and USS George Washington were also deployed in the Western Pacific.

日本部署了水面舰艇和紧急战斗机来监视他们的活动。5月25日至29日，辽宁号在日本、台湾岛和菲律宾附近进行了260次战斗机和直升机起降。卫星图像显示，辽宁号及其物流船“呼伦湖”号正在菲律宾海进行补给行动。山东还在冲之鸟岛周围的日本专属经济区内进行飞行操作。这些行动是中国海军同时操作两艘航母的最东端行动，发生在尼米兹号和乔治·华盛顿号也部署在西太平洋的时候。

 

The Liaoning operated with two Type 055 destroyers, two Type 052D destroyers, one Type 054A frigate, a Type 901 fast combat support ship, and a Type 903A replenishment ship. The Shandong's group included a Type 055 destroyer, a Type 052D destroyer, two Type 054A frigates, and a Type 901 support ship. Japan reported that Liaoning's group was observed 600 miles northeast of Guam, conducting flight operations and maneuvering drills. Liaoning had previously been spotted near the East China Sea, operating in coordination with three other ships. The Shandong task group was tracked moving northeast, reaching waters north of Okinotorishima. During this time, the Shandong conducted helicopter and fixed-wing operations in the area. China stated that all operations were consistent with international law, and Japan’s Ministry of Defense stated that China appeared to be improving its capability for distant sea operations. Both Chinese and Japanese authorities confirmed the activity occurred in Japan's EEZ, where freedom of navigation is allowed under international law.

辽宁舰编队配备了两艘055型驱逐舰、两艘052D型驱逐舰，一艘054A型护卫舰、一艘901型快速作战支援舰和一艘903A型补给舰。山东舰编队包括一艘055型驱逐舰、一艘052D型驱逐舰，两艘054A型护卫舰和一艘901型支援舰。日本报告称，在关岛东北600英里处观察到辽宁舰编队正在进行飞行操作和机动演习。此前，辽宁号曾在东海附近被发现，与其他三艘舰艇协同作战。山东号特遣舰队被追踪向东北移动，到达冲之鸟岛以北的水域。在此期间，山东舰在该地区进行了直升机和固定翼作战。中国表示，所有行动都符合国际法，日本防卫省表示，中国似乎正在提高其远洋作战能力。中国和日本当局均证实，该活动发生在日本专属经济区，根据国际法，该地区允许航行自由。

 

According to the U.S. Department of Defense's 2024 report, China’s navy has expanded its training and deployments beyond the First Island Chain. The Shandong operated in the Philippine Sea on three separate occasions in 2023, and in April 2025 led the Strait Thunder 2025A exercise east of Taiwan. The drill included joint operations with other branches of the PLA, including the Rocket Force and Air Force. The Shandong task group maneuvered as close as 24 nautical miles from Taiwan’s coast, and the exercises involved blockading maneuvers, coordinated flights with aircraft such as the J-15, J-16, Su-30MKK, H-6K bombers, and support platforms like KJ-500 and Y-20U. Surface elements included the Type 055 destroyer Xianyang, Type 052D destroyers Zhanjiang and Huainan, four Type 054A frigates, and a Type 901 supply ship. The PLA Eastern Theater Command stated that the goal was to test multi-domain coordination and integrated operations beyond the First Island Chain. During the exercise, the 613th Rocket Brigade launched Dongfeng-15B missiles, and the 72nd Artillery Brigade used PCL-191 multiple rocket launchers to simulate strikes on key infrastructure. A total of 16 rocket salvos were recorded over two days, and targets included simulated LNG terminals and air traffic control centers.

根据美国国防部2024年的报告，中国海军已将其训练和部署扩展到第一岛链以外。2023年，山东号在菲律宾海进行了三次单独的演习，并于2025年4月在台湾岛以东领导了海峡雷霆2025A演习。演习包括与中国人民解放军其他部门的联合行动，包括火箭军和空军。山东特遣组在距离台湾海岸近24海里的地方机动，演习包括封锁演习，与J-15、J-16、Su-30MKK、H-6K轰炸机等飞机以及KJ-500和Y-20U等支援平台协调飞行。水面部队包括055型驱逐舰咸阳号、052D型驱逐舰湛江号和淮南号、四艘054A型护卫舰和一艘901型补给舰。中国人民解放军东部战区司令部表示，其目标是测试第一岛链以外的多领域协调和综合作战。演习期间，第613火箭旅发射了东风-15B导弹，第72炮兵旅使用PCL-191多管火箭炮模拟对关键基础设施的打击。两天内共记录了16次火箭弹齐射，目标包括模拟液化天然气接收站和空中交通管制中心。

 

China’s third aircraft carrier, CNS Fujian, conducted its first electromagnetic catapult launch of the J-35 stealth fighter in March 2025, according to sources cited by Aviatsanta. If confirmed, this would mark a new capability for Chinese naval aviation. The Fujian is equipped with three electromagnetic catapults and is powered by an integrated electric propulsion system. The ship displaces between 80,000 and 85,000 tons. It is designed to accommodate heavier aircraft, including the J-35, KJ-600 AEW aircraft, and GJ-11 unmanned combat aerial vehicles. Reports indicate that the J-35’s integration aboard Fujian could eventually lead to China fielding up to 100 carrier-based stealth fighters by 2030, combining Fujian’s capacity for 48 aircraft with possible adaptations for Liaoning and Shandong to host reduced numbers. The J-35, a twin-engine stealth multirole fighter, is equipped with internal weapons bays, radar-absorbent coatings, and AESA radar. It has been undergoing land-based testing since at least 2021, and modified variants have been seen on static displays aboard Liaoning. Chinese sources suggest that Liaoning and Shandong may be adapted to host a limited number of J-35s in addition to J-15s and J-15D variants, though these ships rely on ski-jump ramps for launch rather than catapults.

根据Aviatsanta引用的消息来源，中国第三艘航空母舰“福建”号于2025年3月进行了首次J-35隐形战斗机的电磁弹射起飞。如果这一消息得到证实，这将标志着中国海军航空兵的新能力。“福建”号装备了三个电磁弹射器，并采用集成电动推进系统。该舰排水量在80,000至85,000吨之间。设计上，它可以搭载更重的飞机，包括J-35、KJ-600预警机和GJ-11无人作战飞行器。有报道称，J-35在“福建”号上的部署最终可能使中国到2030年拥有多达100架航母舰载隐形战斗机，结合“福建”的48架飞机容量，以及辽宁和山东舰可能进行的适应性调整，以容纳较少数量的飞机。J-35是一款双发隐形多用途战斗机，配备了内部武器舱、隐身涂层和主动相控阵雷达。自2021年起，该机型一直在陆基测试中，改装后的型号已在辽宁号的静态展示中出现。据中国消息来源称，辽宁舰和山东舰除了J-15和J-15D改型外，还可能被改装以搭载有限数量的J-35，尽管这些舰船依赖滑跃平台而不是弹射器进行起飞。
 

In response to China's expanding operations, the United States has increased defensive preparations in Guam. The MK-41 Vertical Launch System and THAAD are already deployed, and Lockheed Martin has been contracted to deliver the Aegis Guam System as part of the Enhanced Integrated Air and Missile Defense (EIAMD) project. The system will include TPY-6 radar, Standard Missiles, and launchers to provide 360-degree coverage. Construction of 16 missile defense sites is expected to begin in 2026, with full operational status targeted for 2035. The installation will support 1,000 personnel and 1,300 dependents during peacetime. Senator Jack Reed and Navy Under Secretary Tom Mancinelli visited the island in late 2024, highlighting Guam’s strategic role as the anchor of the Second Island Chain. Additionally, the U.S. Marine Corps deployed NMESIS anti-ship missile systems to the Batanes Islands during Exercise KAMANDAG 9 in May 2025. The deployment included remote-controlled Maritime Key Terrain Security Operations simulating interdiction missions without live-fire. This exercise was intended to disrupt hypothetical enemy forces in the Luzon Strait. A similar operation was conducted in April as a Chinese carrier transited the strait. The kill-web concept used during the exercise integrated ISR assets to track and target opposing forces in multiple domains.

为应对中国不断扩大的行动，美国在关岛加强了防御准备。MK-41垂直发射系统和THAAD已经部署，洛克希德·马丁公司已签约交付关岛宙斯盾系统，作为增强型综合防空和导弹防御（EIADM）项目的一部分。该系统将包括TPY-6雷达、标准导弹和发射器，以提供360度覆盖。16个导弹防御基地的建设预计将于2026年开始，2035年全面投入使用。该设施将在和平时期为1000名人员和1300名家属提供支持。参议员杰克·里德和海军副部长汤姆·曼奇内利于2024年底访问了该岛，强调了关岛作为第二岛链锚的战略作用。此外，美国海军陆战队在2025年5月的KAMANDAG 9演习期间向巴丹群岛部署了NMESIS反舰导弹系统。部署包括远程控制的海上关键地形安全行动，模拟无实弹拦截任务。这次演习旨在瓦解吕宋海峡假想敌。4月，当一艘中国航母飞越海峡时，也进行了类似的行动。演习中使用的杀伤网概念整合了情报、监视与侦察资产，以跟踪和瞄准多个领域的敌方部队。

 

Beyond regional exercises, China has increased global naval engagement. The Pentagon’s 2024 military power report included a map showing port visits by Chinese naval vessels to every South China Sea country, as well as to Pakistan, Iran, Nigeria, and six South Pacific nations including Tonga, Fiji, and Papua New Guinea. Chinese vessels also conducted exercises with Russia in Vladivostok and with Iran and Russia in the Gulf of Oman. Chinese port visits to West Africa have raised concerns in the U.S. over potential basing on the Atlantic coast. The Chinese navy has also visited the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, areas of increasing strategic competition with the United States. While the PLAN has not yet visited ports in the Western Hemisphere, U.S. analysts continue to monitor for signs of expansion. China’s naval presence outside the First Island Chain has been supported by the Type 903A and Type 901 logistics vessels, enabling long-range deployments. The Pentagon assessed that the PLAN is now capable of sustained operations across the Indian Ocean and into the South Pacific, with a growing number of far-seas training events and participation in multinational maritime exercises.
五角大楼2024年的军事力量报告中包含了一张地图，显示了中国海军舰艇访问了所有南海国家，以及巴基斯坦、伊朗、尼日利亚和六个南太平洋国家，包括汤加、斐济和巴布亚新几内亚。中国舰艇还在符拉迪沃斯托克（海参崴）与俄罗斯进行了联合演习，并在阿曼湾与伊朗和俄罗斯进行了联合演习。中国对西非港口的访问引发了美国对可能在大西洋沿岸建立基地的担忧。中国海军还访问了所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图，这些地区与美国的战略竞争日益加剧。尽管中国海军尚未访问西半球的港口，但美国分析师仍在密切关注其扩张的迹象。中国海军在第一岛链之外的存在得到了903A型和901型后勤舰的支持，这使得远程部署成为可能。五角大楼评估认为，中国海军现在能够在印度洋和南太平洋进行持续作战，参与的远海训练活动和多国海上演习数量也在不断增加。
 

The U.S. continues to rely on the island chain strategy developed during the Cold War. The First Island Chain includes Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The Second Island Chain spans from Japan to New Guinea via Guam. The Third Island Chain extends to New Zealand via Hawaii and the Aleutians. China’s 2024 circumnavigation of Australia, recent dual-carrier operations, and multiple transits through strategic straits suggest an increasing ability to challenge this strategy. According to the Atlantic Council, China’s force posture is optimized not only for wartime but also for peacetime competition in the so-called “gray zone.” U.S. analysts believe the PLAN’s strategy follows Admiral Liu Huaqing’s vision of sequential dominance of the First Island Chain, then the Second, and eventually global reach. The First Island Chain is now routinely transited by PLAN vessels. Blockade drills around Taiwan and surveillance of U.S. deployments in the Philippine Sea reflect Beijing’s interest in asserting access to open waters. U.S. officials emphasized continued commitment to partners in the Indo-Pacific, including Japan and the Philippines, and reiterated that Guam remains part of the U.S. homeland and will be defended accordingly. Analysts suggest the Fujian’s activation and J-35 integration could significantly alter the future strategic balance in the Pacific.

美国依然依赖冷战时期形成的岛屿链战略。第一岛链包括日本、台湾和菲律宾；第二岛链从日本延伸至新几内亚，途经关岛；第三岛链则通过夏威夷和阿留申群岛到达新西兰。中国2024年绕航澳大利亚、近期的双航母编队行动以及多次穿越战略海峡的行为，显示出其挑战这一战略的能力日益增强。根据大西洋理事会的分析，中国的军事态势不仅为战争状态下的需求进行了优化，也为所谓的“灰色地带”中的和平竞争做好了准备。美国分析师认为，中国海军的战略遵循刘华清上将的愿景，即先在第一岛链实现连续主导，再扩展到第二岛链，最终达到全球范围的影响力。目前，第一岛链已由解放军舰艇频繁通行。围绕台湾岛的封锁演习和对美国在菲律宾海部署的监视，反映出北京对开放水域访问权的重视。美国官员强调将继续支持印度-太平洋地区的伙伴，包括日本和菲律宾，并重申关岛作为美国本土的一部分，将得到相应的保护。分析人士指出，福建号的启用和J-35战斗机的整合，可能显著改变未来太平洋的战略格局。