by Agence France-Presse  July 11, 2023

法新社2023年7月11日

 

France’s announcement on Tuesday that it would send SCALP long-range missiles to Ukraine comes months after Britain began delivering its identical Storm Shadow.

法国周二宣布将向乌克兰发送SCALP远程导弹，几个月前，英国开始交付其相同的“风暴阴影”。

 

Developed jointly by the two NATO allies, Storm Shadow/SCALP is a 1,300-kilogramme (2,870 pounds) missile armed with conventional explosives, usually launched from aircraft such as the Royal Air Force’s Eurofighter Typhoon or French Rafale.

“风暴阴影”/SCALP由两个北约盟国联合开发，是一种1300公斤（2870磅）的导弹，配备常规炸药，通常从英国皇家空军的欧洲战斗机台风或法国阵风等飞机上发射。

 

Built by missile maker MBDA, its range of over 250 kilometers (155 miles) makes it the longest-range Western weapon supplied to Kyiv so far, capable of striking targets far into the country’s Russian-occupied east.

该导弹由导弹制造商MBDA制造，射程超过250公里（155英里），是迄今为止西方向基辅提供的射程最远的武器，能够打击俄罗斯占领的基辅东部的目标。

 

French missile deliveries would “preserve the clarity and coherence of our doctrine, which is to allow Ukraine to defend its territory” from Russian invasion, President Emmanuel Macron said.

法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙表示，法国的导弹交付将“保持我们正式声明的清晰性和一致性，即允许乌克兰保卫其领土”免受俄罗斯入侵。

 

The subtext: French-supplied weapons should not be allowed to hit Russian territory, after Moscow’s repeated warnings of reprisals.

潜台词：在莫斯科一再发出报复警告后，不应允许法国提供的武器袭击俄罗斯领土。

 

Manufacturer MBDA says on its website that the SCALP is “designed to meet the demanding requirements of pre-planned attacks against high-value fixed or stationary targets such as hardened bunkers and key infrastructure”.

制造商MBDA在其网站上表示，SCALP“旨在满足针对高价值固定或固定目标（如加固掩体和关键基础设施）的预先计划攻击的苛刻要求”。

 

It has been used in previous conflicts including in Iraq, Libya and Syria.

它曾被用于包括伊拉克、利比亚和叙利亚在内的历次冲突。

 

The missile uses inertial navigation, GPS and terrain referencing to chart a low-altitude course to its target to avoid detection.

该导弹使用惯性导航、全球定位系统和地形参照来绘制到目标的低空路线图，以避免被探测。

 

It uses an infrared camera to match images of the target to a stored picture “to ensure a precision strike and minimal collateral damage,” MBDA says.

MBDA表示，它使用红外相机将目标的图像与存储的图片进行匹配，“以确保精确打击和最小的附带损害”。

 

The warhead can be programmed to detonate above the target (airburst), on impact or following penetration.

弹头可以被编程为在目标上方（空中爆炸）、撞击或穿透后引爆。

 

Russia claimed soon after Britain began delivering the missiles in May that it had already shot down a Storm Shadow.

在英国5月开始交付导弹后不久，俄罗斯就声称已经击落了一枚“风暴阴影”。

 

But both sides in the conflict regularly claim to have destroyed the other’s hyped high-tech weapons.

但冲突双方经常声称已经摧毁了对方炒作的高科技武器。

 

In recent months, Ukraine has claimed kills of Russia’s Kinzhal hypersonic missiles and Moscow has highlighted successes against German-made Leopard tanks operated by Kyiv.

最近几个月，乌克兰声称杀死了俄罗斯的“Kinzhal”（“匕首”）高超音速导弹，莫斯科强调了在打击基辅操作的德国制造的豹式坦克方面取得的成功。

 

As with many Western arms supplied to Ukraine, France’s stocks of the SCALP are not bottomless.

与西方向乌克兰提供的许多武器一样，法国的SCALP库存也并非无底洞。

 

Trade magazine Defense et Securite Internationale has reported that Paris has “fewer than 400” of the missiles.

贸易杂志《国际防务与安全》报道称，巴黎的导弹“不到400枚”。