By David Rising, The Associated Press

Sunday, Jun 22, 2025

大卫·莱辛，美联社

2025年6月22日星期日

 

Airmen look at a GBU-57, or the Massive Ordnance Penetrator bomb, at Whiteman Air Base in Missouri, 2023. (U.S. Air Force via AP)

2023年，密苏里州怀特曼空军基地的飞行员正在看一枚GBU-57，即大型穿甲炸弹。（美国空军通过美联社）

 

In inserting itself into Israel’s war against Iran, the U.S. unleashed its massive “bunker-buster” bombs on Iran’s Fordo fuel enrichment plant.

为了介入以色列对伊朗的战争，美国对伊朗的福尔多燃料浓缩厂发射了大规模的“掩体炸弹”。

 

Those bombs were widely seen as the best chance of damaging or destroying Fordo, built deep into a mountain and untouched during Israel’s weeklong offensive.

这些炸弹被广泛认为是破坏或摧毁福尔多的最佳机会，福尔多建在深山中，在以色列为期一周的攻势中没有受到影响。

 

A U.S. official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the operation before an official briefing, confirmed their use in Sunday’s attack.

一位不愿透露姓名的美国官员在官方简报会之前讨论了这一行动，他证实在周日的袭击中使用了这些武器。

 

The U.S. is the only military capable of dropping the weapons, and the movement of B-2 stealth bombers toward Asia on Saturday had signaled possible activity by the U.S. Israeli leaders had made no secret of their hopes that President Donald Trump would join their week-old war against Iran, though they had also suggested they had backup plans for destroying the site.

美国是唯一有能力投掷武器的军队，周六B-2隐形轰炸机向亚洲的移动表明了美国可能采取的行动。以色列领导人毫不掩饰他们希望唐纳德·特朗普总统加入他们对伊朗为期一周的战争，尽管他们也表示他们有摧毁该基地的备用计划。

 

It remained unclear early Sunday how much damage had been inflicted upon Fordo. The mission could have wide-ranging ramifications, including jeopardizing any chance of Iran engaging in Trump’s desired talks on its nuclear program and dragging the U.S. into another Mideast war.

周日早些时候，福尔多遭受了多大的损失，目前尚不清楚。这次任务可能会产生广泛的影响，包括危及伊朗参与特朗普所希望的关于其核计划的谈判的任何机会，并将美国拖入另一场中东战争。

 

What is the bunker-buster bomb?

什么是地堡炸弹？

 

“Bunker buster” is a broad term used to describe bombs that are designed to penetrate deep below the surface before exploding.

“碉堡破坏者”是一个宽泛的术语，用来描述设计为在爆炸前深入地表以下的炸弹。

 

In this case, it refers to the latest GBU-57 A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator bomb in the American arsenal. The roughly 30,000 pound precision-guided bomb is designed to attack deeply buried and hardened bunkers and tunnels, according to the U.S. Air Force.

在这种情况下，它指的是美国军火库中最新的GBU-57 A/B大型穿甲弹。据美国空军称，这枚重约3万磅的精确制导炸弹旨在攻击深埋和硬化的掩体和隧道。

 

It’s believed to be able to penetrate about 200 feet (61 meters) below the surface before exploding, and the bombs can be dropped one after another, effectively drilling deeper and deeper with each successive blast. It was not immediately known how many were used in the Sunday morning strike.

据信这种炸弹能在地表下约200英尺(61米）深处爆炸，可以连续投放，每次爆炸都能将钻孔深度进一步加深。周日早些时候的袭击中具体使用了多少枚炸弹，当时并不清楚。

 

The bomb carries a conventional warhead, but the International Atomic Energy Agency has confirmed that Iran is producing highly enriched uranium at Fordo, raising the possibility that nuclear material could be released into the area if the GBU-57 A/B were used to hit the facility.

这枚炸弹携带常规弹头，但国际原子能机构证实，伊朗正在福多生产高浓缩铀，如果使用GBU-57 A/B轰炸该设施，核材料可能会被释放到该地区。

 

However, Israeli strikes at another Iranian nuclear site, Natanz, on a centrifuge site have caused contamination only at the site itself, not the surrounding area, the IAEA has said. U.S. warplanes also hit Natanz.

然而，国际原子能机构表示，以色列对另一个伊朗核设施纳坦兹离心机设施的袭击只造成了该设施本身的污染，而不是周围地区的污染。美国战机也袭击了纳坦兹。

 

How tough a target is Fordo?

福尔多的目标有多难实现？

 

Fordo is Iran’s second nuclear enrichment facility after Natanz, its main facility, which already has been targeted by Israeli airstrikes. The IAEA says it believes those strikes have had “direct impacts” on the facility’s underground centrifuge halls.

福尔多是伊朗继纳坦兹之后的第二大核浓缩设施，纳坦兹是伊朗的主要设施，此前已遭到以色列空袭。国际原子能机构表示，认为这些袭击对地下离心机大厅产生了“直接影响”。

 

Satellite image of the Fordo enrichment facility in Iran on Jan. 24, 2025. (Maxar Technologies via AP)

2025年1月24日，伊朗福尔多浓缩设施的卫星图像。（Maxar Technologies通过美联社）

 

Fordo is smaller than Natanz, and is built into the side of a mountain near the city of Qom, about 60 miles (95 kilometers) southwest of Tehran. Construction is believed to have started around 2006 and it became operational in 2009 — the same year Tehran publicly acknowledged its existence.

福尔多的规模比纳坦兹小，建在库姆市附近的一座山腰上，距离德黑兰西南约60英里(95公里）。据信该设施于2006年左右开始建设，并于2009年投入运营——同年，德黑兰公开承认了其存在。

 

In addition to being an estimated 80 meters (260 feet) under rock and soil, the site is reportedly protected by Iranian and Russian surface-to-air missile systems. Those air defenses, however, likely have already been struck in the Israeli campaign, which claims to have knocked out most of Iran’s air defenses.

据报道，该地点除了位于岩石和土壤下约80米（260英尺）外，还受到伊朗和俄罗斯地对空导弹系统的保护。然而，这些防空系统可能已经在以色列的行动中遭到袭击，以色列声称已经摧毁了伊朗的大部分防空系统。

 

Still, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said the goal of attacking Iran was to eliminate its missile and nuclear program, which he described as an existential threat to Israel, and officials have said Fordo was part of that plan.

尽管如此，以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡表示，袭击伊朗的目的是消除其导弹和核计划，他将其描述为对以色列的生存威胁，官员们表示，福尔多是该计划的一部分。

 

“This entire operation ... really has to be completed with the elimination of Fordo,” Yechiel Leiter, Israel’s ambassador to the U.S., told Fox News.

以色列驻美国大使耶希尔·莱特告诉福克斯新闻：“整个行动……真的必须随着福尔多的消除而完成。”

 

About the B-2

关于B-2

 

In theory, the GBU-57 A/B could be dropped by any bomber capable of carrying the weight, but at the moment the U.S. has only configured and programed its B-2 Spirit stealth bomber to deliver the bomb, according to the Air Force.

理论上，GBU-57 A/B可以由任何能够携带该重量的轰炸机投下，但据美国空军称，目前美国只配置和编程了B-2“幽灵”隐形轰炸机来投掷该炸弹。

 

The B-2 is only flown by the Air Force, and is produced by Northrop Grumman.

B-2只由空军驾驶，由诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司生产。

 

The B-2 Spirit is a stealth bomber that can penetrate enemy defenses undetected and deliver nuclear munitions. (Bobbie Garcia/Air Force)

B-2“幽灵”是一款能够悄无声息穿透敌方防线并精准投送核武器的隐形轰炸机。（博比·加西亚/空军）

 

According to the manufacturer, the B-2 can carry a payload of 40,000 pounds (18,000 kilograms) but the U.S. Air Force has said it has successfully tested the B-2 loaded with two GBU-57 A/B bunker busters — a total weight of some 60,000 pounds (27,200 kilograms).

据制造商称，B-2可以携带40000磅（18吨）的有效载荷，但美国空军表示，它已经成功测试了B-2装载了两枚GBU-57 A/B掩体炸弹，总重量约为60000磅（27.2吨）。

 

The strategic long-range heavy bomber has a range of about 7,000 miles (11,000 kilometers) without refueling and 11,500 miles (18,500 kilometers) with one refueling, and can reach any point in the world within hours, according to Northrop Grumman.

诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司表示，这种战略远程重型轰炸机在不加油的情况下航程约为7000英里（11000公里），在加油一次后航程为11500英里（18500公里），可以在数小时内到达世界上的任何一个点。